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Short No.1 biplane
The Short No.1 biplane was an early British aircraft built in 1909 by Short Brothers. Although it never flew, it is notable for being the first aircraft designed by Horace Short.
==Design and development==
The Short No.1 was built for Francis McClean, who had seen Wilbur Wright's flight demonstrations at Le Mans in France. McClean, a keen astronomer, had to leave on an expedition to observe a solar eclipse in China, but wrote to Horace Short, whom he had only met once, asking him to build him an aeroplane. Horace Short began design work in November 1908,〔Barnes 1967, p.6〕 and construction of the aircraft was started at Short Brothers' Battersea workshop in early 1909. The uncovered airframe was exhibited in March at the 1909 London Aero Show at Olympia.〔"(Flyers at Olympia )". ''Flight'' Volume 1, No. 13, March 27, 1909. p. 175.〕
The aircraft was a three-bay biplane with a biplane elevator and central fin mounted on two pairs of converging booms in front. The chord of the outer bay of each wing was extended aft to form flexible extensions to effect lateral control: between the tips of these extensions four balanced rudders were pivoted. The undercarriage consisted of a pair of ash skids extending forward almost as far as the elevators. No wheels were fitted, as it was intended to use a launching rail for take-off.〔Barnes 1967, p.42〕 Apart from the skids, the entire airframe was built of spruce, and was covered with Continental brand rubberised fabric. The engine, originally intended to be a version of the Wright's engine made by Bariquand et Marre, drove a pair of pusher propellers mounted slightly above mid-gap using a chain drive. This was arranged so that both propellers revolved in the same direction, since crossing them to make them revolve in opposite directions might have infringed patents held by the Wright brothers.〔Barnes 1967, p.42〕
Work continued at the newly established Short Brothers works on the Isle of Sheppey, and was complete upon McClean's return from China. The Bariquand et Marre engine was not yet available, so a engine taken from a Nordenfelt car was installed. But at more than in weight, when a first attempt at flight was made in September the engine failed to propel the machine even as far as the end of the launching rail. The Bariquand et Marre engine arrived in October, and McClean made three attempts at flight on 2, 3 and 6 November, almost succeeding in becoming airborne, but on the last attempt he applied full up-elevator, and the machine stalled and fell back on the launch rail, breaking the undercarriage and propellers: it was not repaired.〔Barnes 1967, p.43〕 McClean's next aircraft was a copy of the Wright Model A built under license by Short Brothers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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